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Performance, competition, and structural change in the university sector: the case of Germany
Authors
U. Cantner, N. Grashof, T. Grebel, X. Zhang
Year of publication
Published in:
Journal of evolutionary economics: JEE
This article analyzes the development of performance and structure in the German higher education sector, with a particular focus on policy measures to strengthen university autonomy (2009) and the Excellence Initiative (2006–2012). The analysis is based on data at the university level, covers the period 2000–2016, and uses a conditional, nonparametric approach to measure productivity as well as its dynamics using the Malmquist index. With regard to autonomy policy, we note that the decline in productivity growth in teaching observed since 2005, which even turned negative in 2012, could be related to the fact that autonomous universities were unable to match the growth in academic staff to the growth in graduate numbers. With regard to the Excellence Initiative and its goal of promoting research performance, we find significant differences between excellence-funded and non-excellence-funded universities. Research productivity follows a U-shaped pattern over time, with a recovery of productivity growth starting around 2010. Here, non-excellence-funded universities show stronger recovery and performance gains than excellence-funded universities, especially in quality-adjusted research. Overall, the Excellence Initiative promoted competition and structural change by enabling in particular non-excellence-funded universities to improve their performance even more.
The New Role of the State for Transformative Innovation: An International Research Handbook
Year of publication
"This comprehensive Handbook explores the multifaceted and evolving role of the state in driving innovation, with a view to addressing the grand societal challenges, including sustainability, social inclusivity and economic transformation. Drawing on current debates, contributing authors illustrate how states can create resilient innovation systems in order to mitigate the unprecedented societal and environmental challenges of the 21st century. They examine theoretical frameworks, policy styles and practical tools for government intervention, highlighting the balance between regulation, incentivization and active participation. Chapters outline how the state can function as a regulator, innovator, orchestrator and social advocate across various contexts, with examples from advanced economies, emerging markets and the Global South. Foregrounding novel policy directions and approaches, such as mission-oriented policies, systemic innovation tools and agile governance, this Handbook sets a transformative agenda for future research and practice. This volume is an essential resource for scholars and students in the fields of innovation studies, economics, political science, and environmental and sustainability studies. Providing actionable strategies for technological and social change, it is also greatly beneficial to policymakers and practitioners in innovation and economic development"--
Internationalizing cluster organizations on market terms
Authors
M. Ingstrup, N. Grashof, R. Steinthorsson, T. Damgaard
Year of publication
Published in:
European planning studies
Cluster organizations strengthen the dynamism and performance of clusters. However, internationalization of these organizations remains largely neglected, with existing research failing to clarify how they can internationalize without substantial policy support. To address this knowledge gap, we explore the emergence of an international network of ocean cluster organizations that has developed on market terms, meaning without public involvement and subsidies. Our investigation is based on an embedded single case study of the Iceland Ocean Cluster and three of its sister cluster organizations. We identify the following five factors as essential for developing a market-driven international network of cluster organizations: mindset, mission, business model, personal abilities and attributes, and action. The study contributes to research on governance-oriented support organizations and brokerage in clusters by introducing market-based duplication as a new mode of internationalizing cluster organizations. Hence, it deepens our understanding of the mechanisms and conditions that underpin cluster internationalization in general.
Raus aus der Struktur- und Wachstumskrise: mit Forschungs- und Innovationspolitik
Author
U. Cantner
Year of publication
Published in:
Wirtschaftsdienst : Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik
Germany’s economic situation in the 2020s is alarming: recession, stagnant growth, lagging behind in key future technologies, and a widespread loss of international competitiveness stand in stark contrast to the global opportunities presented by technological transformations. Other economies are forging ahead and setting standards. Therefore, the question arises as to how economic, research, and innovation policies must be designed so that these developments become an opportunity for Germany, rather than a burden. The traditional toolkit for stimulating the economy and growth falls short and must be expanded to include a transformation-oriented research and innovation policy.